High Frequency Trading (HFT) is a form of algorithmic trading where firms use high-speed market data and analytics to look for short term supply and demand trading opportunities. HFT firms usually hold their positions for less than a minute while perpetually looking for opportunities to buy and sell.
These transactions happen thousands of times a day, take microseconds, and often net less than a penny in profit per share. Multiply that by immense volume and you're rich, but at what price?