On the surface of any sphere, including the Earth, a great circle route is the shortest distance between two points. And according to a recent study, commercial shipping will be possible from North America to Russia or Asia over the North Pole by the middle of the century.
A direct route over the pole could save up to 40 percent more fuel and time.
The northern sea route has been shown to save a medium-sized bulk carrier 18 days and 580 tons of bunker fuel on a journey between Norway and China. Shippers estimate that it can save them $235,000 to $390,000 on each voyage,